Study Suggests Earth Is Losing Ice Faster than in Mid-1990s
2021-01-27
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1New research suggests Earth's ice is melting faster today than in the 1990s.
2An estimated 28 trillion metric tons of ice have melted away from the world's sea ice, ice sheets and glaciers since the middle of the 1990s.
3The yearly melt rate is now about 57 percent faster than it was 30 years ago.
4Scientists reported the findings in a study published in The Cryosphere.
5"It was a surprise to see such a large increase in just 30 years," said study co-author Thomas Slater.
6He is a glaciologist, a scientist who studies glaciers, at Leeds University in Britain.
7Slater noted that the ice melt situation is clear to those who depend on mountain glaciers for drinking water.
8It is also clear to those who depend on winter sea ice to protect coastal homes from storms.
9But Slater noted that the world's ice melt has now started to be recognized even far from frozen areas.
10"People do recognize that, although the ice is far away, the effects of the melting will be felt by them," he said.
11The melting of land ice - on Antarctica, Greenland and mountain glaciers - added enough water to the ocean during the 30-year time period to raise the average worldwide sea level by 3.5 centimeters.
12Ice loss from mountain glaciers made up 22 percent of the yearly ice loss totals.
13Across the Arctic, sea ice is also shrinking to new summertime lows.
14Last year saw the second-lowest levels of sea ice in more than 40 years.
15As sea ice melts, it uncovers dark water which takes in solar radiation, rather than sending it back out of the atmosphere.
16This is known as Arctic amplification, which increases area temperatures even further.
17The worldwide atmospheric temperature has risen by about 1.1 degrees Celsius since pre-industrial times.
18But in the Arctic, the warming rate has been more than twice the world average in the last 30 years.
19The team of British scientists studied satellite data from 1994-2017, used site measurements and created computer models to measure the ice melt.
20They found that the world was losing an average of 0.8 trillion metric tons of ice per year in the 1990s.
21In recent years, the team estimated a loss of about 1.2 trillion metric tons each year.
22Gabriel Wolken is a geologist with the Alaska Division of Geological and Geophysical Surveys.
23He said that finding even an estimated ice loss total from the world's ice formations is "a really interesting approach, and one that's actually quite needed."
24Wolken was a co-author of the 2020 Arctic Report Card released in December, but was not involved with the new study.
25He said that in Alaska, people are very mindful of glacial ice loss.
26"You can see the changes with the human eye," he added.
27I'm Jonathan Evans.
1New research suggests Earth's ice is melting faster today than in the 1990s. 2An estimated 28 trillion metric tons of ice have melted away from the world's sea ice, ice sheets and glaciers since the middle of the 1990s. The yearly melt rate is now about 57 percent faster than it was 30 years ago. Scientists reported the findings in a study published in The Cryosphere. 3"It was a surprise to see such a large increase in just 30 years," said study co-author Thomas Slater. He is a glaciologist, a scientist who studies glaciers, at Leeds University in Britain. 4Slater noted that the ice melt situation is clear to those who depend on mountain glaciers for drinking water. It is also clear to those who depend on winter sea ice to protect coastal homes from storms. But Slater noted that the world's ice melt has now started to be recognized even far from frozen areas. 5"People do recognize that, although the ice is far away, the effects of the melting will be felt by them," he said. 6The melting of land ice - on Antarctica, Greenland and mountain glaciers - added enough water to the ocean during the 30-year time period to raise the average worldwide sea level by 3.5 centimeters. Ice loss from mountain glaciers made up 22 percent of the yearly ice loss totals. 7Across the Arctic, sea ice is also shrinking to new summertime lows. Last year saw the second-lowest levels of sea ice in more than 40 years. As sea ice melts, it uncovers dark water which takes in solar radiation, rather than sending it back out of the atmosphere. This is known as Arctic amplification, which increases area temperatures even further. 8The worldwide atmospheric temperature has risen by about 1.1 degrees Celsius since pre-industrial times. But in the Arctic, the warming rate has been more than twice the world average in the last 30 years. 9The team of British scientists studied satellite data from 1994-2017, used site measurements and created computer models to measure the ice melt. They found that the world was losing an average of 0.8 trillion metric tons of ice per year in the 1990s. In recent years, the team estimated a loss of about 1.2 trillion metric tons each year. 10Gabriel Wolken is a geologist with the Alaska Division of Geological and Geophysical Surveys. He said that finding even an estimated ice loss total from the world's ice formations is "a really interesting approach, and one that's actually quite needed." 11Wolken was a co-author of the 2020 Arctic Report Card released in December, but was not involved with the new study. 12He said that in Alaska, people are very mindful of glacial ice loss. "You can see the changes with the human eye," he added. 13I'm Jonathan Evans. 14Yereth Rosen reported on this story for the Reuters news service. Jonathan Evans adapted this story for Learning English. Bryan Lynn was the editor. 15________________________________________________________________ 16Words in This Story 17amplification - n. an act, example or product of making something louder by increasing its strength 18approach - n. a way of dealing with something : a way of doing or thinking about something 19glacier - n. a very large area of ice that moves slowly down a slope or valley or over a wide area of land 20solar - adj. of or relating to the sun